What are the specific photovoltaic power generation systems?

Photovoltaic power generation systems can be divided into standalone photovoltaic power generation systems, grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems, and distributed photovoltaic power generation systems.

1）Standalone photovoltaic power generation, also known as off-grid photovoltaic power generation, mainly consists of solar panels, controllers, and batteries. If it is necessary to power AC loads, an AC inverter is also required. Standalone photovoltaic power stations include various photovoltaic power generation systems that can operate independently with batteries, such as power supply systems for remote villages, solar home power systems, communication signal power supplies, cathodic protection systems, and solar street lights.Technology
2）Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation refers to the direct current generated by solar panels being converted into alternating current that meets the requirements of the utility grid through grid-connected inverters and then directly connected to the public power grid.

Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems can be divided into systems with batteries and systems without batteries. Grid-connected systems with batteries provide dispatchability and can be connected or disconnected from the grid according to the needs. They also serve as backup power sources and can provide emergency power when the grid is out. These systems are often installed in residential buildings. Grid-connected systems without batteries do not have dispatchability and backup power functions. They are usually installed in larger systems.

Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation includes large-scale centralized grid-connected photovoltaic power plants, which are usually national-level power plants. The main feature is to directly transmit the generated electricity to the power grid for centralized dispatch to users. However, these power plants require large investments, have long construction periods, and occupy large land areas, so they have not developed much. On the other hand, distributed small-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power generation, especially photovoltaic building integrated systems, have become the mainstream of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation because of their advantages such as small investments, fast construction, small land occupation, and strong policy support.

Distributed photovoltaic power generation, also known as decentralized power generation or distributed energy supply, refers to the configuration of small-scale photovoltaic power generation systems on-site or near the electricity consumption site to meet the specific needs of users and support the economic operation of the existing power distribution network, or to simultaneously meet both requirements.

The basic equipment of a distributed photovoltaic power generation system includes solar panels, support structures, DC combiner boxes, DC distribution cabinets, grid-connected inverters, AC distribution cabinets, etc. In addition, there are also power system monitoring devices and environmental monitoring devices. The operation mode of a distributed photovoltaic power generation system is that under the condition of solar radiation, the solar panels convert and output the solar energy into electrical energy, which is then sent to the DC distribution cabinet through the DC combiner box. The electricity is inverted into AC power by the grid-connected inverter and supplied to the building's own load. Excess or insufficient power is regulated by connecting to the grid.